Based on the new understanding that tungro is a composite disease caused by rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv and rice tungro spherical virus rtsv hibino et al. Teknik pengelolaan gulma padi sawah dalam pengendalian tungro. Rtd is routinely detected based on visual observation of the plant. Tungro is caused by infection with two different viruses of rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv and rice tungro spherical virus rtsv, both of which can only be transmitted by green leafhoppers especially. Among them, tungro disease causes severe reduction in rice yield. Genetic diversity and degree of virulences of the tungro viruses occur in the endemic areas of geographically diverse environments. Here, we reconstructed putative virus structures from rtbvlike sequences in the rice genome and characterized to understand evolutionary implication, integration manner and involvements of endogenous virus segments in the. Complete genome sequence of rice tungro bacilliform virus. Tungro disease in rice oryza sativa linn is caused by rice tungro virus rtv, which consists of two forms of particles, namely rice tungro bacilliform virus and rice tungro spherical virus. The use of varieties resistant to the tungro disease effectively prevent an explosion tungro disease. Tungro virus disease is transmitted by leafhoppers, wherein the most efficient vector is the green leafhopper, nephotettix virescens distant. However, it is not always easy to identify the disease in the field as it is often confused with other diseases or physiological disorders. Characterization and determination of ethylene responsive. Rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv is a newly described badnavirus and proposed member of the plant pararetrovirus group.
Uploaded files international rice research institute. J m hay, m c jones, m l blakebrough, i dasgupta, j w davies, and r hull department of virus research, john innes institute, john innes centre for plant science research, norwich, uk. Pathogen common name order family source 1 pyricularia oryzae blast moniliales dematiaceae current list, cpc 2007 list 2 helminthosporium oryzae brown leaf spot moniliales dematiaceae current list cpc 2007 list 3 cercospora oryzae narrow brown leaf spot anamorphic fungi current list cpc 2007 list. Rice tungro disease is caused by the combination of two viruses, which are transmitted by leafhoppers. As the most important of the 14 rice viral diseases, tungro was first recognized as a leafhoppertransmitted virus disease in 1963 88. Rice blast is an economically important disease and has received attention in all major rice growing countries because of its severe destruction. Prediction of rice diseases using convolutional neural.
Occurrence and spread of rice tungro spherical virus in. Population characteristics and tungro transmission by. Tungro is one of the important disease on rice are still a problem in achieving productivity. Diseases of rice and their management year3 youtube. For additional information, please read the supplement distribution policy. Tungro disease viruses are transmitted from one plant to another by leafhoppers that feed on tungro infected plants. An analysis of the sequence of an infectious clone of rice tungro bacilliform virus, a plant pararetrovirus. Epidemiological studies of rice tungro disease in paddy fields were conducted with a view to. What it does rice tungro disease is caused by the combination of two viruses, which are transmitted by leafhoppers. In 1975, rtbv was first recognized and then identified as a component member along with rice tungro spherical virus rtsv of the virus complex that is responsible for causing rice tungro disease. Rice tungro is a composite disease caused by joint infection of two.
The virus is effectively transmitted by green plant hopper nephotettix virescens. Tungro disease caused by rice tungro spherical virus rtsv and rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv was first recorded in 1966 in bangladesh and reported as the most damaging viral disease. Diagnosis of common diseases of rice home irri rice. About dataset collection the dataset is collected from the uci repository and the information about diseases are gained under the guidance of dr. Diseases, disorders, and symptoms see more details, rice rice subject category. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in south and south. Rice blast is the most devastating rice disease in the world, causing the loss of 10 percent to 30 percent of the planets crop every year. Rice tungro disease rtd is one of the destructive and prevalent diseases in the tropical region. Rice productivity through integration of stress tolerant rice varieties and improved nutrient management practices in saline areas of bangladesh 91 m t khatun, m a latif, m m rahman, m hossain, t h ansari, b nessa, m a i khan, m a ali and m m hanafi. The virus withstands temperatures below 63degree celsius for 10 minutes. Rice tungro disease rtd consists of a spherical virus rtsv and a bacilliform virus rtbv and the disease is a significant yield constraint in ricegrowing areas of south and southeast asia. Pdf on feb 1, 2002, osmat azzam and others published the biology, epidemiology, and management of rice tungro disease in.
Gianessi 1 international pesticide benefit case study 108 october, 2014 introduction rice is an essential crop for feeding the populations of south and south east asia. Information is given on the geographical distribution in asia. Rice grassy stunt rice stripe many strains of another tenuivirus, rice grassy stunt virus rgsv, have been found in the philippines miranda et al. Monocots and family poaceae serve as natural hosts. Transgenic rice plants that overexpress transcription factors rf2a and rf2b are tolerant to rice tungro virus replication and disease shunhong daia,1, xiaoping weia, antonio a. Evaluating two mass screening methods for tungro disease. Stunting of the plant along with yellowish or orange discoloration and twisting of the leaves leaf blade, reduced tillering, delayed flowering etc. Rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv 10, 11, a member of the genus badnavirus in the family caulimoviridae, and rice tungro spherical virus rtsv, a singlestranded rna virus and member of the genus waikivirus in the family. The differential reaction of rice hybrids to tungro virus by phenotyping and pcr analysis article pdf available in journal of phytopathology 1643. An analysis of the sequence of an infectious clone of rice. Tungro infects cultivated rice, some wild rice relatives and other grassy weeds commonly found in rice paddies. Here we report the development of two serological based assays for ease of detection.
Tungrovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family caulimoviridae order ortervirales. Resistance to rice tungro bacilliform virus is associated with a dominant locus in chromosome 4. Tungro is a disease complex associated with rice tungro bacilliform rtbv and spherical. Development of an indirect elisa and dotblot assay for.
It causes leaf discoloration, stunted growth, reduced tiller numbers and sterile or partly filled grains. The flight activity of each of the three major leafhopper vectors of rice tungro viruses, nephotettix virescens distant, n. Rotting is disintegration and decomposition of host tissue photo 3. Rice tungro disease was discovered in malaysia in the 1930s. A, electron micrograph of rice tungro bacilliform virions and the viral genome organization. Combining genes that overexpress rf2a and rf2b with genes that provide resistance to the insect vector could generate new rice varieties with significantly improved resistance to rice tungro disease in vulnerable regions in the world. Incidence of rice bakanae disease creates serious problems in the foremost rice growing countries, and no rice variety has been found to be completely resistant to this disease. Experimental epidemiology of rice tungro disease we studied the effects of several factors on tungro incidence in terms of percent age of infected seedlings of the variety taichung native 1 tnl by the cage method in a greenhouse. Rice tungro disease perhaps the most important disease affecting rice is rice tungro disease rtd. Commodities and products see more details, rice tungro disease rice tungro disease subject category. Rice tungro disease rtd is a serious constraint in rice production across tropical asia. Rtbv cannot be transmitted by leafhoppers unless rtsv is present. Printed versions of the nih curriculum supplements are available to qualified people free of charge.
Apr 14, 2005 rice tungro is a major rice disease in southeast asia and is caused by a double infection by two viruses 8, 9. Pdf the biology, epidemiology, and management of rice tungro. Rice tungro spherical virus rtsv is transmitted in a semipersistent. Tungro virus disease is endemic in some rice producing areas in indonesia. Reaction of rice genotypes to brown spot disease pathogen. Pdf the differential reaction of rice hybrids to tungro. Pdf rice tungro disease rtd is a destructive disease of rice in tropical asia. Biological control of rice tungro disease rtd springerlink. Rice tungro, a vectorborne virus disease, is one of the most serious biotic constraints to rice production in south and southeast asia. Reconstruction of putative dna virus from endogenous rice. High concentrations of carbendazim bavistin wp markedly reduced leaf chlorosis, stunting, and decreased number of tillers by tungro.
This disease is caused by a complex of two viruses, rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv and rice tungro spherical virus rtsv. Rice tungro disease rtd is one of the most destructive diseases of rice in south and southeast asia. Rice tungro is caused by simultaneous infection of two different viruses. Green leafhopper adults tungro disease affected rice field both nymphs and adults suck the sap from the leaves and tillers with their sucking mouth parts resulting yellowing of the leaves which later become brown and dry up from the tip downwards. About dataset collection the dataset is collected from the uci repository and. Beachya,1 adonald danforth plant science center, 975 north warson road, st. Fine mapping of qbk1, a major qtl for bakanae disease. The biology, epidemiology, and management of rice tungro disease in asia. Citrus canker, tungro virus disease of rice pathogen symptoms control. Evaluation of rice tungro disease management strategies outputs 1, 4 and 5. Mar, 2020 many farmers in south and southeast asia describe rice tungro disease as a cancer disease because of the severe damage it causes and the difficulty of controlling it 121. Individual rice grain transformed into a mass of velvety spores. Rice tungro disease rtd is known to be one of the most economically important viral diseases of rice 1. Tungro infected plants are stunted, yellowing and significant yield losses.
We used historical survey data to compare patterns of rice tungro epidemics in two endemic areas and one nonendemic area in the philippines. Rice tungro disease transmitted by the green leafhopper jircas. As the inoculation access time or the transfer interval of an infective insect. Transfer of transgenes for resistance to rice tungro disease into high. Pdf the biology, epidemiology, and management of rice. The disease is caused by two different types of viruses, rtbv and rtsv, both are transmitted by green leafhopper. Previously, the causal agent of the disease was thought to be rice tungro virus, a spherical virus about 30nm in diameter. A new distribution map is provided for rice tungro disease viruses hosts. Rice tungro bacilliform virus was first described by saito in 1975. Naturally, tungro disease is transmitted in a semi.
Pdf resistance to rice tungro bacilliform virus is. Protect japanese rice cultivation from tropical rice tungro disease national institute of agrobiological sciences. They are mainly caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Many farmers in south and southeast asia describe rice tungro disease as a cancer disease because of the severe damage it causes and the difficulty of controlling it 121. It is found to occur in ortyza sativa and ortyza sp. Inner circle represents doublestranded dna genome of rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv 8. Rice tungro spherical virus rtsv was suggested that this phenomenon might rrsv 8. Screening of hybrid and inbreed rice varieties against.
Rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv having a double stranded circular dna genome and rice tungro spherical virus rtsv having a single stranded rna genome. An immulon ii plate believed to be the causal virus of tungro have key importance for understanding dynatech was coated with igg at 1,4, 1, and was once called rice tungro virus tungro epidemiology. Vector species of the disease, transmission efficiencies of the disease by vectors and. Dry rot is firm or dry decay, while soft rot is soft, watery decomposition. This is a leafhopper cicadellidae, nephotettix spp. It is associated with two viruses rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv,and rice tungro spherical virus rtsv hibino et al 1978. Component technologies for management of rice tungro disease resistant cultivars are still planted to manage r td in many countries, the development of virulent leafhopper population rapusas and heinrichs, 1982 and the breakdown of leafhopper resistance in some cultivars dahal et al. Rtsv resistance found in traditional cultivars has contributed to a. Citrus canker, virus tungro disease of rice pathogen symptoms. This disease is one of the major rice virus diseases and an important potential threat to rice production in this area due to its occasional severe outbreaks. Plant virus disease problems in the developing world. Planting a resistant variety is the simplest and, often, the most cost effective management for diseases.
May 14, 2019 bakanae disease is an important fungal disease caused by gibberella fujikuroi. Rice tungro is an virus disease caused by rtbvand rtsv. There are periodic largescale epidemics of tungro which cause significant economic losses and more localised epidemics which also have a severe impact on farmers livelihoods. It may be circular, angular, or irregular in shape. Rice tungro disease is one of the most severe virus diseases of rice oryza sativa l.
In india, it can cause an estimated loss of 2% at the national level. Rice tungro disease rice tungro virus rtsv, rtbv brown spot helminthosporium oryzae sheath rot sarocladium oryzae sheath blight rhizoctonia solani false smut ustilaginoidea virens grain discolouration fungal complex leaf streak xanthomonas oryzae pv. Rice tungro disease rtd, caused by the simultaneous infection of rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv and rice tungro spherical virus rtsv, is one of the. The major symptom is leaves turn yellow and more leafhoppers. Jul 12, 2017 tungro is one of the most destructive viral diseases of rice in south and southeast asia. Management of rice insect pests radcliffes ipm world textbook.
Recovering ability of upland and rainfed lowland rice varieties against rice tungro disease. Rtd is caused by the interaction between rice tungro spherical virus rtsv and rice tungro bacilliform virus. Tungro is caused by rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv and rice tungro spherical virus rtsv. Apart from direct feeding both nymphs and adults act as vectors of rice tungro virus disease. Rice tungro disease is caused by an rna and a dna virus.
It causes leaf discoloration, stunted growth, reduced tiller numbers and ste. The success of a monitoring system can be measured by its ability to provide early detection of pests for prevention of a serious outbreak of rice tungro. Oct 18, 2004 endogenous rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbvlike sequences ertbvs have been found throughout the rice genome. Characterization of the protease domain of rice tungro. Performance of rice tungro resistant promising line in. Diseases, disorders, and symptoms see more details. Rice plants infected by both rtbv and rtsv show typical tungro symptoms. Disease cycle transmission mainly by the leaf hopper vector nephotettix virescens males, females and nymphs of the insect can transmit the disease. The disease complex is associated with rice tungro baciliform virus rtbv and rice tungro spherical virus rtsv.
However, breeding rice varieties resistant to bakanae disease may be a costsaving solution preferable to the application of fungicides. Rice tungro disease rtd consists of a spherical virus rtsv and a bacilliform virus rtbv and the disease is a significant yield constraint in ricegrowing. Chancellor natural resources institute, university. Rice provides more than 50% of the calories consumed in bangladesh, cambodia, myanmar, laos. Rice tungro spherical virus resistance into photoperiod. Thats enough rice to feed 60 million people, said martin egan, assistant professor of plant pathology for the university of arkansas system division of agriculture and the dale bumpers college of. Rice specimens found in china date back to 3,000 b. Gulma inang virus tungro dan kemampuan penularannya ke. Durable resistance to rice tungro disease outputs 2, 6 and 7. Transmission of two rice tungroassociated viruses and rice waika virus from doubly or singly infected source plants by leafhopper vectors. Jan, 2016 in this case of rice tungro disease, viral infection is commonly transmitted by the green leafhopper. Suppression of symptoms of rice tungro virus disease by. The disease is caused by rice tungro virus rtv, which is transmitted by the green leafhopper, nephotettix virescens.
Technology identified could reduce the spread of rice virus. Present status of rice tungro disease in west bengal. Rtbv open reading frame 3 is predicted to encode a capsid protein, protease pr, and reverse transcriptase rt and has the capacity to encode other proteins of as yet unknown function. Watch this video to learn about the diseases in rice crop, the symptoms, causes and the ways of controlling them. Disease symptoms are caused largely by infection by the rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv.
Protect japanese rice cultivation from tropical rice. Journal common insect pests of rice and their natural. Bakanae disease is an important fungal disease caused by gibberella fujikuroi. Pdf as the most devastating viral disease of rice in south and southeast asia, rice tungro disease remains one of the significant fears to. The tungro virus is known to have at least two strains s and m. Asia describe rice tungro disease as a cancer disease because of the severe damage it causes and the difficulty of controlling it 121. End previous next diagnostic field guide for bacterial and viral diseases of paddy local name.
Novel alleles of rice eif4g generated by crisprcas9. The biology, epidemiology, and management of rice tungro. Rtd is caused by rice tungro spherical virus rtsv and rice tungro bacilliform virus. Panicle exertion of infected plants is delayed and often incomplete and some panicles become short. Symptoms of tungro include orange yellow coloring of leaves, stunting, reduction in tiller number, and poor panicle emergence. Keragaman genetik dan virulensi virus tungro pada tanaman. Galves 1968 purified the virus and reported that the particles are polyhedral with a diameter of 3033 nanometers. Spot a spot is a localized necrotic or dead area photo 4. Rice was introduced into southern japan from china in about l00 b. Several epiphytotics of the disease have been recorded in different parts of the world resulting in serious losses in yield. Importance of pesticides for growing rice in south and south east asia leonard p. Rice tungro disease was found to be associated with a virus complex composed of two different viruses and these viruses were described as rice tungro spherical virus rtsv and rice tungro bacilliform virus rtbv.
Tungro is one of the major diseases in rice which has become a constraint in increasing rice production in indonesia. It is caused by a complex of two viruses saito et al. Farmers lose an estimated average of 37% of their rice crop to pests and diseases every year. Oryza sativa rice tungro rice tungro bacilliform virus rice tungro spherical virus. This bacterium is of bacillus and gram negative type. Crop protection center vii denpasar, bali, indonesia. However, tungro, which means degenerated growth in a filipino.
148 1014 511 862 1434 86 465 895 673 187 1114 1221 192 336 1034 1232 585 704 1173 1581 649 477 317 1211 294 1527 1583 755 493 470 1442 957 313 1104 1053 1040 894 615 261 578 760 642